Glossary of Cognac Lexical Fields

VS (Very Special)

Strengthened Definition: A classification for Cognac made from eaux-de-vie aged for a minimum of two years in oak barrels. It represents the youngest tier of Cognac aging categories.
History/Etymology: The term “Very Special” and its abbreviation “VS” emerged to signify a high-quality, youthful Cognac. Historically, the denomination includes alternative expressions such as “3 Stars” or “Selection.” The designation became widely recognized as Cognac gained popularity internationally.
Characteristics:
Colour: Pale gold to light amber.
Smell: Fresh and fruity, with aromas of grape, pear, and floral notes.
Taste: Light, vibrant, and fruit-forward with hints of oak.
Destination: Ideal for long drinks and cocktails, such as a Cognac and soda or Cognac-based punch.
Occasions: Perfect for casual gatherings, celebratory toasts, and as a versatile spirit for mixology.

VSOP (Very Superior Old Pale)

Strengthened Definition: A designation for Cognac aged for at least four years. Known for its richer and more complex profile compared to VS.
History/Etymology: The term was first recorded in 1831 when Frédéric Martell used it to describe a high-quality Cognac for a customer. “Old Pale” originally referred to Cognac’s lighter color, which was prized during its early exportation.
Characteristics:
Colour: Amber to golden brown.
Smell: Aromatic and complex, with notes of dried fruit, vanilla, and spice.
Taste: Balanced with a smooth texture, featuring flavors of honey, oak, and subtle floral undertones.
Destination: Enjoyed neat, on the rocks, or in classic cocktails like a Sidecar.
Occasions: Suitable for refined gatherings, dinner pairings, or as a thoughtful gift.

XO (Extra Old)

Strengthened Definition: A premium Cognac classification denoting a blend of eaux-de-vie aged for at least ten years. Often considered the gold standard in Cognac.
History/Etymology: Introduced in the 19th century, “Extra Old” highlights the extended aging process that imparts exceptional depth and complexity to the spirit. Equivalent terms include “Old Reserve.”
Characteristics:
Colour: Deep amber with mahogany hues.
Smell: Intense and luxurious, with aromas of dried figs, leather, and dark chocolate.
Taste: Rich and velvety, with notes of spice, nuts, and a long, warming finish.
Destination: Best savored neat in a tulip glass to appreciate its complexity, though it can complement high-end cocktails.
Occasions: Ideal for special occasions, intimate celebrations, or as a centerpiece for a sophisticated tasting session.

XXO (Extra Extra Old)

Strengthened Definition: A recently introduced classification for Cognac made from eaux-de-vie aged for a minimum of 14 years. Symbolizes the pinnacle of refinement and aging.
History/Etymology: Established in 2018, the XXO category was created to differentiate exceptionally aged Cognacs from XO offerings. It represents the mastery of Cognac craftsmanship.
Characteristics:
Colour: Deep, rich amber with golden highlights.
Smell: Highly complex, featuring aromas of candied fruit, oak, and floral essences.
Taste: Profoundly smooth, with layered flavors of toffee, spice, and a hint of citrus zest.
Destination: Exclusively enjoyed neat to fully experience its nuanced profile.
Occasions: Reserved for monumental events, connoisseur gatherings, or as a luxurious gift.

Eaux-de-vie

Strengthened Definition: The base distillate of Cognac, made from fermented grapes and distilled twice in copper pot stills. Translates to “water of life” in French.
History/Etymology: Originating from ancient distillation practices, eaux-de-vie became integral to Cognac production in the 17th century when the region specialized in distilled spirits.
Characteristics:
Colour: Transparent before aging.
Smell: Neutral with hints of fresh grape and floral tones.
Taste: Sharp and unrefined in its youthful state, destined for transformation through aging.
Destination: Blended and aged to develop into Cognac.
Occasions: Not consumed on its own but foundational to all Cognac categories.

Oak Barrels

Strengthened Definition: Containers crafted from French oak, used to age Cognac and impart flavors of wood, vanilla, and spice.
History/Etymology: The use of oak barrels dates back centuries, as oak’s porous nature facilitates interaction between the spirit and air, enhancing maturation.
Characteristics:
Impact on Cognac: Adds color, aroma, and complexity through gradual oxidation and extraction of tannins.

Tulip Glass

Strengthened Definition: A specially designed glass with a narrow rim and wide bowl, ideal for concentrating Cognac’s aromas.
History/Etymology: Named after the tulip flower, this glassware gained prominence for enhancing the sensory experience of fine spirits.
Characteristics:
Material: Crystal or glass.
Design: Shaped to capture and direct aromas to the nose.
Destination: Used for neat Cognac tasting.
Occasions: Recommended for formal tastings, dinners, and showcasing Cognac’s aromatic profile.