Home News Expertise cognac
Glossary of Cognac Lexical Fields
28/05/2025

Glossary of Cognac Lexical Fields

VS (Very Special)

Strengthened Definition: A classification for Cognac made from eaux-de-vie aged for a minimum of two years in oak barrels. It represents the youngest tier of Cognac aging categories.
History/Etymology: The term “Very Special” and its abbreviation “VS” emerged to signify a high-quality, youthful Cognac. Historically, the denomination includes alternative expressions such as “3 Stars” or “Selection.” The designation became widely recognized as Cognac gained popularity internationally.
Characteristics:
Colour: Pale gold to light amber.
Smell: Fresh and fruity, with aromas of grape, pear, and floral notes.
Taste: Light, vibrant, and fruit-forward with hints of oak.
Destination: Ideal for long drinks and cocktails, such as a Cognac and soda or Cognac-based punch.
Occasions: Perfect for casual gatherings, celebratory toasts, and as a versatile spirit for mixology.

VSOP (Very Superior Old Pale)

Strengthened Definition: A designation for Cognac aged for at least four years. Known for its richer and more complex profile compared to VS.
History/Etymology: The term was first recorded in 1831 when Frédéric Martell used it to describe a high-quality Cognac for a customer. “Old Pale” originally referred to Cognac’s lighter color, which was prized during its early exportation.
Characteristics:
Colour: Amber to golden brown.
Smell: Aromatic and complex, with notes of dried fruit, vanilla, and spice.
Taste: Balanced with a smooth texture, featuring flavors of honey, oak, and subtle floral undertones.
Destination: Enjoyed neat, on the rocks, or in classic cocktails like a Sidecar.
Occasions: Suitable for refined gatherings, dinner pairings, or as a thoughtful gift.

XO (Extra Old)

Strengthened Definition: A premium Cognac classification denoting a blend of eaux-de-vie aged for at least ten years. Often considered the gold standard in Cognac.
History/Etymology: Introduced in the 19th century, “Extra Old” highlights the extended aging process that imparts exceptional depth and complexity to the spirit. Equivalent terms include “Old Reserve.”
Characteristics:
Colour: Deep amber with mahogany hues.
Smell: Intense and luxurious, with aromas of dried figs, leather, and dark chocolate.
Taste: Rich and velvety, with notes of spice, nuts, and a long, warming finish.
Destination: Best savored neat in a tulip glass to appreciate its complexity, though it can complement high-end cocktails.
Occasions: Ideal for special occasions, intimate celebrations, or as a centerpiece for a sophisticated tasting session.

XXO (Extra Extra Old)

Strengthened Definition: A recently introduced classification for Cognac made from eaux-de-vie aged for a minimum of 14 years. Symbolizes the pinnacle of refinement and aging.
History/Etymology: Established in 2018, the XXO category was created to differentiate exceptionally aged Cognacs from XO offerings. It represents the mastery of Cognac craftsmanship.
Characteristics:
Colour: Deep, rich amber with golden highlights.
Smell: Highly complex, featuring aromas of candied fruit, oak, and floral essences.
Taste: Profoundly smooth, with layered flavors of toffee, spice, and a hint of citrus zest.
Destination: Exclusively enjoyed neat to fully experience its nuanced profile.
Occasions: Reserved for monumental events, connoisseur gatherings, or as a luxurious gift.

Eaux-de-vie

Strengthened Definition: The base distillate of Cognac, made from fermented grapes and distilled twice in copper pot stills. Translates to “water of life” in French.
History/Etymology: Originating from ancient distillation practices, eaux-de-vie became integral to Cognac production in the 17th century when the region specialized in distilled spirits.
Characteristics:
Colour: Transparent before aging.
Smell: Neutral with hints of fresh grape and floral tones.
Taste: Sharp and unrefined in its youthful state, destined for transformation through aging.
Destination: Blended and aged to develop into Cognac.
Occasions: Not consumed on its own but foundational to all Cognac categories.

Oak Barrels

Strengthened Definition: Containers crafted from French oak, used to age Cognac and impart flavors of wood, vanilla, and spice.
History/Etymology: The use of oak barrels dates back centuries, as oak’s porous nature facilitates interaction between the spirit and air, enhancing maturation.
Characteristics:
Impact on Cognac: Adds color, aroma, and complexity through gradual oxidation and extraction of tannins.

Tulip Glass

Strengthened Definition: A specially designed glass with a narrow rim and wide bowl, ideal for concentrating Cognac’s aromas.
History/Etymology: Named after the tulip flower, this glassware gained prominence for enhancing the sensory experience of fine spirits.
Characteristics:
Material: Crystal or glass.
Design: Shaped to capture and direct aromas to the nose.
Destination: Used for neat Cognac tasting.
Occasions: Recommended for formal tastings, dinners, and showcasing Cognac’s aromatic profile.

Exclusive news
Martell Community
Events
Exclusive news
Martell Community
Events
Exclusive news
Martell Community
Events
Exclusive news
Martell Community
Events
Exclusive news
Martell Community
Events
Exclusive news
Martell Community
Events
Exclusive news
Martell Community
Events
Exclusive news
Martell Community
Events
Elevate your journey

Join the Martell Experience

Welcome to a world where every sip tells a story, and every moment is an invitation to discover the extraordinary universe of cognac. By joining the Martell community, be first to discover about our latest news, products and events.